Internal Combustion Engines |
Internal Combustion Engines SyllabusUNIT - I
Introduction Introduction of Internal and external combustion engine and their comparison, four stroke cycle S.I. and C.I. engine, two stroke engine, comparison of four stroke and two stroke engines, comparison of S.I. and C.I. engine, classification of I.C. Engine, Valve timing diagram for S.I. and C.I. engines, effect of valve timing and engine speed on volumetric efficiency, reasons for ignition and injection advance, dual fuel, multi-fuel and Wankel Rotary engine. Cycles Reasons for deviation of actual cycle from air standard cycles, variation specific heats and cycle analysis, fuel air cycles and their analysis, actual cycles and their analysis. Purpose and Thermodynamic cycle of supercharging. UNIT-II Fuels Basic requirement of I.C. Engine fuels, requirement of an ideal gasoline, structure of petroleum, effect of fuel structure on combustion, volatility of liquid fuels, effect of volatility on engine performance for starting, vapour lock, acceleration, percolation, carburetor icing, and crank case dilution. Combustion Determination of stoichiometric air fuel ratio, fuel-air and exhaust gas analysis for a given combustion process. Combustion in S.I. and C.I. engines, Detonation, Pre-ignition , Knocking, Antiknock rating of fuels Octane number, critical compression ratio, HUCR, performance number, Cetane number. Dopes UNIT-III Carburetor Properties of air-petrol mixtures, mixture requirement, simple carburetor, limitation of simple carburetor, modern carburetor, Main metering system, Idling system, Economizer system, acceleration pump and cold starting system. Nozzle lip, venturi depression, calculation of fuel jet and venturi throat dia for given air fuel ratio. Petrol Injection system, electronic fuel injection, advantage and disadvantage of petrol injection. UNIT - IV Ignition System Battery and magneto ignition system and their comparative study, spark plug heat range, electronic ignition system, firing order, Ignition timing, centrifugal and vacuum ignition advance. Injection System Requirement, type , fuel pump, type of fuel injector, type of nozzle, atomization, spray penetration and spray direction, multiple point fuel injection system. Cooling System Cooling requirement, air cooling, liquid cooling, type of liquid cooling system, advantage and disadvantage of air cooling and water cooling system, Antifreeze mixture. Lubrication System Function of lubricating system, properties of lubricating oil, wet sump, dry sump and mist lubrication system. Governing of I C Engine Necessity of governing, various methods of governing. UNIT – V Testing and Performance Performance parameters, measurements of brake power, indicated power, friction power, fuel and air consumption, exhaust gas calorimeter, calculation of various performance parameter, heat balance sheet. Performance current for S.I. and C.I. Engine with load and speed. Emission and Pollution SI Engine and CI Engine emissions and its control and comparison. Effect of pollution on Human health and bio sphere. |